In both cases, hare sex in addition to part of hares’ attempt was unrelated to you reputation index

We used standardized regression coefficients to assess the effect size of the predictor variables on the three response variables. Continuous predictor variables were standardized and scaled by dividing their mean by two standard deviations (Gelman, 2008 ). sFMR and the total number of predators were log₁₀ transformed to normalize a right-skewed distribution. Multicollinearity of continuous predictor variables was not an issue because the variance inflation factor (VIF) of all continuous predictor variables remained below 1.5 for all models. We tested the linearity between the predictors and the response variables using a generalized additive mixed model (package gamm4 version 0.2-6). The predictors had an effective degree of freedom (edf) close to 1 and were therefore linearly related to the response variables. Model selection was performed by using the “drop1” protocol of Zuur et al. ( 2009 ) and the Akaike information criteria (AIC). The fit of the models was assessed using plots of model residuals.

step 3 Performance

For the metabolic rate models on body condition, the final model included sFMR, age class, and days since the start of the data collection, whereas for predator number models, the final model only included number of predators and age class (Table 1). The sum of the field metabolic rate of predators (sFMR) was negatively related to the body condition index of hares (Marginal R 2 = .61) (Table 1). Adult hares had a 21.8% higher body condition index than subadult (p < .001), whereas the body condition index of hares increased during the research period from autumn–winter) (p = .017). For the number of predators' models, while age class was correlated to body condition, the number of predators was not (Table 1).

For both metabolic models and predator amount designs on the weight of your adrenal gland, the past design included the fresh predator directory and you may hare sex (Dining table 2)

• a models depend on size of 66 hares when you look at the thirteen browse renting amassed during a period of 34 days.
• b Muscles status index (looks mass/hindfoot duration; Murray, 2002 ), sFMR = amount of industry metabolism, Many years = subadult otherwise mature, Time = months once the https://datingranking.net/it/i-migliori-siti-di-incontri/ start of the research collection, tNP = final number away from predators. Another parameters had been dropped regarding final model step 1: part of hares test and you will sex of hares; final design dos: portion of hares attempt, sex out of hares, and you can days just like the start of the investigation collection.
• c Details are standard of the dos SD (Gelman, 2008 ).
• d * = p < .05, *** = p < .001.
• e Subadult was reference class.

The sum of the job metabolic rate regarding predators (sFMR) are undoubtedly connected with the weight of your own adrenals (Limited Roentgen dos = .14) (Dining table 2). The total quantity of predators, but not, was unrelated with the pounds off hare adrenals (Desk 2). Concurrently, adrenals of females were 0.04 ± 0.017 g ( ± SE) heavy than that of males in the design which have sFMR, yet not regarding design with the total number away from predators. In the two cases, the brand new part of hares try, years class, and you can weeks because the investigation was in fact accumulated is actually unrelated for the pounds of your adrenal glands.

For metabolic models and predator number activities for the weight of the adrenal gland, the very last design provided the brand new predator directory and you can hare sex (Table 2)

• a styles are derived from size of hares from inside the 13 search rentals built-up during a period of 34 months.
• b sFMR = amount of job metabolic rate, Sex = man or woman, tNP = final amount out-of predators. The next variables have been fell from latest Habits step one and you will 2: part of hares’ sample, age classification, and you may weeks once the beginning of the analysis collection.